The practical aspects of environmental technology are discussed in detail in this book. Each chapter deals with unit operations such as biological, chemical, physical, radiation and electrical technology besides others. Traditional technologies have been included, as well as those that can be considered innovative, and emerging. In addition, a number of technologies have been developed by combining processes directly, or in a treatment train, and these developments are expected to assume increasing importance. However, such concerns as uncertainties due to liability, regulatory approval, price competition, and client approval have limited the application of some of these newer technologies.

The purpose of this book is not to describe commercial processes, but a number of proprietary processes are included in order to present additional information. The inclusion or exclusion of any commercial process bears no relationship to its comparative effectiveness in any environmental control situation. Also, various governmental and commercial organizations may use different nomenclature and terminology, for the same technology.